Occam's Razor
When two explanations fit the evidence equally, which should you believe? The one that assumes less.
c. 13206 min read
Era
Medieval
500 – 1500
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Buridan's Ass
A donkey stands exactly halfway between two identical bales of hay. With no reason on earth to prefer either, does it starve?
c. 1340 (the attribution; the example is far older)14 min read